Philosophy
- Logic — Organon, Aristotle; and Begriffsschrift, Frege
- Metaphysics — Metaphysics, Aristotle
- Ethics — Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle; and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant
- Epistemology — Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes; and A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume
- Philosophy of Mathematics — Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein